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Chapter 4 The Organization of Life

Unit 2 Ecology

Chapter 4 The Organization of Life – Chapter 4 Vocabulary

In biology, a community is a group of potentially interacting species living in the same place. Members of a community may have a variety of relationships including predator/prey, competitors, or mutualism.

Chapter 4 Concept Map

Chapter 4 Guided Notes (DOCX 315 KB)

Chapter 4 Vocabulary Word Find

Day 1

Section 4.1 Ecosystems: Everything is Connected

Objectives

Distinguish between the biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem.

Describe how a population differs from a species.

Explain how habitats are important for organisms.

4.1 Vocabulary

ecosystem - all of the organisms living in an area together with their physical environment

biotic factor - the living and once living parts of an ecosystem, including all of the plants and animals

abiotic factor - the nonliving parts of the ecosystem

organism - an individual living thing

species - a group of organisms that can mate to produce fertile offspring

population - all the members of the same species that live in the same place at the same time

community - a group of various species that live in the same place and interact with each other

habitat - the place an organism lives

4.1 Student Textbook

4.1 mp3 (8:18)

4.1 PowerPoint Chapter 4 - The Organization of Life - Section 1 (PPT 574 KB)

4.1 Active Reading (pages 17 & 18) (pdf pages 28 & 29)

Self-Check Quiz Section 1: Ecosystems: Everything Is Connected

Cats in Borneo:

Quick Overview: photo: DDT in Borneo

The Day They Parachuted Cats on Borneo: A Drama of Ecology (43 slide pdf story)

YouTube: Cats of Borneo (9:21) – video of above story

PowerPoint: “The day they parachuted cats into Borneo!”

Day 2

cool link: ThinkQuest Biotic & Abiotic Factors

Activity: Abiotic+vs+Biotic+Factors MG2012.doc

DAY 3

Section 4.2 Evolution

Objectives

1. Explain the process of evolution by natural selection.

2. Explain the concept of adaptation.

3. Describe the steps by which a population of insects becomes resistant to a pesticide.

4.2 Vocabulary

natural selection - the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and produce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do

evolution - a change in the genetic characteristics of a population from one generation to the next

adaptation - an inherited trait that increases an organism's chance of survival and reproduction in a certain environment

artificial selection - the selective breeding of organisms by humans for specific characteristics

resistance - the ability of one or more organisms to tolerate a particular chemical designed to kill it

4.2 Student Textbook

4.2 mp3 (7:20)

4.2 PowerPoint Chapter 4 - The Organization of Life - Section 2 (PPT 453 KB)

4.2 Active Reading (pages 19 & 20) (pdf pages 30 & 31)

Self-Check Quiz Section 2: Evolution

Brightstorm: Darwin’s Theory of Evolution (6:52)

Darwin's Theory of Evolution states that groups of organisms will undergo genetic changes over time due to the process of natural selection. Darwin's theory says that organisms which are most fit for their environment survive while unfit organisms die, changing the genetics of a species until that species is well adapted for its environment. Variations in a species' genetics that lead to evolution often come from mutations.

Brightstorm: Natural Selection (6:06)

Natural selection is a theory conceived by Charles Darwin that states that in a population, organisms with a genetic trait that increases the chance of having offspring will pass on their genes to the next generation more than those without it. Natural selection ultimately leads to evolution after many successive generations. Mutation, migration and genetic drift are some factors that significant impact heritable traits in a group of organisms and potentially influence natural selection.

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Awesome Website to visit: PBS Evolution Website

Great Read: Big Picture on Evolution

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DAY 4

Video: Darwin’s Secret Notebook (50:03) & questions Darwin's Secret Notebook (DOCX 13 KB)

DAY 5

Natural Selection Lab with Teddy Grahams (DOCX 37 KB)

TedED – Five Fingers
of Evolution (5:24) – relate to lab:

1. Population can shrink: how did starting with more of less bears effect results? (can this happen by chance?)

2. ring – Mating: did bears choose particular mates or was it random?

3. Mutation: were any bears mutations? (arms in middle)

4. Movement: did any new bears come in or leave?

5. Adaptation: could bears lower arms to adapt?

DAY 6 & 6.5

Activity: Nova: Dogs & More Dogs

Student Page Nova Dogs & More Dogs

Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6n1rlQMr6I

Objective
To learn through an evolution card game how selective pressures can affect an organism's evolution.

pre Day 7

Hippocampus: Khan Academy Evolution (17:38)

Nova: Evolution in Action

Activity: Evolutionary Diagrams

Are a frog, a snake, a kangaroo, and a rabbit related? Draw your own evolutionary diagram to find the answer.

DAY 7 & 8

Section 4.3 The Diversity of Living Things

Objectives

1. Name the six kingdoms of organisms and identify two characteristics of each.

2. Explain the importance of bacteria and fungi in the environment.

3. Describe the importance of protists in the ocean environment.

4. Describe how angiosperms and animals depend on each other.

5. Explain why insects are such successful animals.

4.3 Vocabulary

Archaebacteria - a kingdom of single celled organisms that lack cell nuclei, reproduce by dividing in half and are found in harsh environments

Eubacteria - a kingdom of single celled organisms that lack cell nuclei, reproduce by diving in half and are extremely common (found in soil and animal bodies)

fungus - a kingdom of organisms that absorb their food through their body surface, have cell nuclei and walls, and mostly live on land

protist - a kingdom of organisms that are mostly single celled but some are many celled, and most live in water

gymnosperm - a woody plant that produces seeds, but the seeds are not enclosed in fruits

angiosperm - a flowering plant that produces seeds in fruit

invertebrate - an animal that lacks a backbone

vertebrate - an animal that has a backbone

Brightstorm Classification

Plant Kingdom (5:52)

Like the Animal Kingdom, the Plant Kingdom is also a major part of the Linnaean system of classification that includes organisms like trees, bushes and grasses. The plants in this kingdom can be called autotrophs because they perform photosynthesis to provide food for themselves. These organisms also provide oxygen for humans and animals to survive.

Animal Kingdom (3:44)

Unlike the organisms of the Archaea or Monera Kingdoms, the Animal Kingdom consists of multi-cellular, heterotrophic organisms that feed on other organisms to survive. Some of the characteristics of the animals in this kingdom are being able to develop throughout their lives, move independently and reproducing.

Protist Kingdom (3:28)

The protist kingdom is a classification that includes a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms. Typically, protists reproduce asexually via mitosis and range from unicellular to multicellular organisms. In the protist kingdom, there are two main groups: protozoa (which are generally heterotrophic) and algae (which are generally autotrophic). Organisms in the protozoa group include things like amoebas, slime molds and paramecium while common organisms in the algae group include green algae, brown algae, diatoms and euglena.

Fungi Kingdom (2:52)

The Fungi Kingdom consists of plant-like organisms with small nuclei such as yeast, bread mold and mushrooms. Many of the organisms in the Fungi Kingdom can cause disease, but some are helpful as they are used to make things like antibiotics and yeast. Most of the organisms in this kingdom are parasitic and receive nutrients from surfaces they live on.

Bacteria Kingdom (2:56)

The Bacteria Kingdom, formerly called monera, are single celled prokaryotic organisms. Bacteria encompass two domains: eubacteria and archaea. Eubacteria and archaea have very different cell walls. They are also distinguished by their DNA - the DNA of archaea has histone proteins while that of eubacteria does not.

Modern Biology Series

History of Kingdom Classification (7:19)

Eubacteria & Archaebacteria (4:54)

Fungi Kingdom (4:45)

Protista Kingdom (3:39)

Plant Kingdom (2:36)

Animal Kingdom (2:03)

Classification within Kingdoms (2:58)

4.3 Student Textbook

4.3 mp3 (13:06)

4.3 PowerPoint Chapter 4 - The Organization of Life - Section 3 (PPT 919 KB)

4.3 Active Reading (pages 21 & 22) (pdf pages 32 & 33) – due day 8