BIG IDEA:

Changes in matter are accompanied by changes in energy.

Essential Question: Why are changes in matter accompanied by changes in energy?

Concepts:

Matter exists naturally in 3 states on earth: solid, liquid, and gas.

Changes in temperature are accompanied by changes in kinetic energy which can result in changes in the states of matter.

Changes in matter can be chemical, physical, or nuclear.

According to the law of conservation of mass, a chemical change can be represented by a balanced chemical equation.

Factors that can affect the rate of a chemical change include temperature, concentration, nature of the reactant, and catalyst.

Competencies:

Conduct simple and safe, inquiry-based investigations to observe endothermic and exothermic chemical reactions, measure temperature, volume, and mass, and form conclusions based on experimental evidence.

Standards/Eligible Content:

S11.A.1.1.2, S11.A.1.1.4, S11.A.1.3.1, S11.A.1.3.2

 

Chapter 2 Properties of Matter October 10-21

What is the simplest way of explaining what atoms, elements, compounds and mixtures are?

http://education.jlab.org/qa/atom_02.html

2.1 Classifying Matter

2.1.1 Classify pure substances as elements or compounds

2.1.2 Describe the characteristics of an element and the symbols used to identify elements

2.1.3 Describe the characteristics of a compound

2.1.4 Distinguish pure substances from mixtures

2.1.5 Classify mixtures as heterogeneous or homogenous

2.1.6 Classify mixtures as solutions, suspensions, or colloids

• Every sample of a given substance has the same properties because a substance has a fixed uniform composition.
• An element has a fixed composition because it contains only one type of atom.
• A compound always contains two or more elements joined in a fixed proportion.
• The properties of a mixture can vary because the composition of a mixture is not fixed.
• Based on the size of its largest particles, a mixture can be classified as a solution, a suspension, or a colloid.

pure substance – matter that always has exactly the same composition; an element or compound

element – a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

atom – the smallest particle of an element

compound – a substance that is made from two or more simpler substances and can be broken down into those simpler substances

heterogeneous mixture – a type of mixture in which the parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another

homogenous mixture – a type of mixture in which the substances are so evenly distributed that it is difficult to distinguish one substance in the mixture from another

solution – a mixture that forms when substances dissolve and form a homogeneous mixture

suspension – a heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time

colloid – a mixture that contains some particles that are intermediate in size between the small particles in a solution and the larger particles in a suspension

Day 1

Pre-Test  http://websites.pdesas.org/mgolenberke/2011/10/9/364734/file.aspx

Chapter Summary – http://websites.pdesas.org/mgolenberke/2011/10/9/364733/file.aspx

Talking to the Text:

Students are given a passage to read independently and encouraged to write in the margins, make notes, designate unfamiliar vocabulary, ask questions, and make comments and predictions. In pairs and then as a class students use their notes to help each other clarify meaning.

HOW TO “TALK TO THE TEXT” (T4 strategy)

Talking To The Text (T4) Rubric

Standard Deviants: Introduction to Matter (6:29) http://websites.pdesas.org/mgolenberke/2011/10/9/364766/file.aspx

2.1 PowerPoint http://websites.pdesas.org/mgolenberke/2011/10/10/364860/file.aspx

2.1 Reading & Study Workbook – finish for homework http://websites.pdesas.org/mgolenberke/2011/10/9/364720/file.aspx

Day 2

Brightstorm:  Matter - Elements and Compounds (2:29)

Elements and compounds are differentiated by their composition. Elements cannot be decomposed into simpler substances. Compounds are composed of two or more elements, but the chemical identities and properties of these elements change when they form a compound. Mixtures on the other hand are composed of elements which retain their chemical identities.

Brightstorm:  Matter - Mixtures (2:37)

Mixtures are composed of pure substances and elements, but unlike compounds these substances retain their own chemical identities and properties. Mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Homogeneous mixtures are the same throughout and are called solutions. Heterogeneous mixtures don’t have uniform composition.

2.1 vocab quiz

2.1 Math Skills – Classifying Matter http://websites.pdesas.org/mgolenberke/2011/10/9/364736/file.aspx

Correct 2.1 R&SW

Day 3

My Labs:

Chapter 2 Investigation: Forms of Matter

http://websites.pdesas.org/mgolenberke/2011/10/9/364745/file.aspx

Enrichment Lab: Mixtures & Compounds http://websites.pdesas.org/mgolenberke/2011/10/9/364744/file.aspx

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2.2 Physical Properties

2.2.1 Describe physical properties of matter

2.2.2 Identify substances based on their physical properties

2.2.3 Describe how properties are used to choose materials

2.2.4 Describe methods used to separate mixtures

2.2.5 Describe evidence that indicates a physical change is taking place

• Viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, melting point, boiling point, & density are examples of physical properties.
• Physical properties are used to identify a material or choose a material for a specific purpose, or to separate the substances in a mixture.
• Filtration and distillation are two common separation methods

physical property – any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material

viscosity – the tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing; resistance to flowing

conductivity – a material’s ability to allow heat or electric charges to flow

malleability – the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering

melting point – the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid

boiling point – the temperature at which a substance boils; the temperature at which vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure

filtration – the process that separates materials based on the size of their particles

distillation – the process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points

physical change – a change that occurs when some properties of a material change, but the substance in the material stay the same

Day 4

2.2 Interest Grabber http://websites.pdesas.org/mgolenberke/2011/10/9/364724/file.aspx

2.2 PowerPoint http://websites.pdesas.org/mgolenberke/2011/10/10/364861/file.aspx

2.2 Math Skills: Melting & Boiling Points – hand in http://websites.pdesas.org/mgolenberke/2011/10/9/364735/file.aspx

2.2 Reading & Study Workbook – finish for homework http://websites.pdesas.org/mgolenberke/2011/10/9/364723/file.aspx

Day 5

Brightstorm:  Matter - Physical Matter Properties - Chemical Matter Properties (2:58)

Physical matter properties include color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point and hardness. Physical properties are divided into intensive and extensive properties. Intensive properties are used to identify a substance and do not depend upon the amount of substance (density). Extensive properties depend on the quantity of the substance (mass, volume). Chemical matter properties include flammability and reactivity.

Brightstorm:  Matter - Changes in Matter (1:15)

Changes in matter can be classified as either physical or chemical, like matter properties. Physical changes include changes in physical appearance but not composition. All changes in state of matter are physical changes. Chemical changes involve changes in chemical composition and require chemical reactions.

Brightstorm:  Matter - Conservation of Mass (2:29)

The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed. In a closed system, mass of reactants is equal to mass of products. The law of conservation of mass is related to the law of conservation of matter.

Brightstorm:  Matter - Law of Definite Proportions - Law of Multiple Proportions (5:05)

The law of definite proportions, also known law of definite composition, states that regardless of the amount, a pure compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions by mass. Law of multiple proportions, also known as Dalton’s Law, states that when one element combines with another to form more than one compound, the mass rations of the elements in the compounds are simple whole numbers of each other.

2.2 vocab quiz

Investigation 2B: Determining the Densities of Liquids http://websites.pdesas.org/mgolenberke/2011/10/9/364730/file.aspx

check this out: http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/experiment/seven-layer-density-column

Correct 2.2 R&SW

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2.3 Chemical Properties

2.3.1 Describe chemical properties of matter

2.3.2 Describe clues that indicate that a chemical change is taking place

2.3.3 Distinguish chemical changes from physical changes

• Chemical properties can be observed only when the substances in a sample of matter are changing into different substances.
• Three common types of evidence for a chemical change are a change in color, the production of a gas, and the formation of a precipitate
• When matter undergoes a chemical change, the composition of the matter changes. When matter undergoes a physical change, the composition of the matter remains the same.

chemical property – any property that produces a change in the composition of matter

flammability – a material’s ability to burn in the presence of oxygen

reactivity – the property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances

chemical change – change that occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances

precipitate – a solid that forms and separates from a liquid mixture

Day 6

(finish Investigation 2B & Correct 2.2 R&SW if needed)

Day 7

Standard Deviants: Physical & Chemical Properties (2:34) http://websites.pdesas.org/mgolenberke/2011/10/9/364781/file.aspx

2.3 PowerPoint http://websites.pdesas.org/mgolenberke/2011/10/10/364862/file.aspx

2.3 Reading & Study Workbook http://websites.pdesas.org/mgolenberke/2011/10/9/364725/file.aspx

Day 8 – Review for Test

go over homework

Homework: Guided Notes & “Wordwise” http://websites.pdesas.org/mgolenberke/2011/10/9/364732/file.aspx

Investigation 2A: Recognizing Physical & Chemical Changes http://websites.pdesas.org/mgolenberke/2011/10/9/364729/file.aspx

Day 9 & 10

Chapter 2 Test

Next Day:

Forensics Lab: Using Properties to Identify Materials http://websites.pdesas.org/mgolenberke/2011/10/9/364731/file.aspx